Heat-stabilized wood

Stamm, A.J., Burr, H.K. and Kline, A.A. (1946). Staybwood. Heat stabilized wood. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 38(6), 630-634. 

Heat stabilization was at first believed to be due to the formation of ether linkages between adjacent cellulose chains as a result of splitting out of water between two hydroxyl groups (18). It was later shown that heat stabilized wood swells to a... 

Heat stabilized wood. Wood heated to 150OC. to 300°C. 

Treatment of solid wood over the years for increased utility included many chemical systems that affected the cell wall and filled the void spaces in the wood. Some of these treatments found commercial applications, while some remain laboratory curiosities. A brief description of the earlier treatments is given for heat-stabilized wood, phenol-formaldehyde-treated veneers, bulking of the cell wall with polyethylene glycol, ozone gas-phase treatment, ammonia liquid- and gas-phase treatment, and p- and y-radiation. Many of these treatments led to commercial products, such as Staybwood, Staypak, Im-preg, and Compreg. This chapter is concerned primarily with wood-polymer composites using vinyl monomers. Generally, wood-polymers imply bulk polymerization of a vinyl-type monomer in the void spaces of solid wood. 

Staybwood Heat-stabilized wood Wood heated to 150-300 C air oven or boiling water None... 

Ayadi, N., Lejeune, F., Charrier, F., Charrier, B. and Merlin, A. (2003). Color stability of heat-treated wood during artificial weathering. Holz als Roh- und Werkstojf, 61(3), 221-226. 

Feist, W.C. and Sell, J. (1987). Weathering behaviom of dimensionally stabilized wood by heating under pressme of nitrogen gas. Wood and Fiber Science, 19(2), 183-195. 

Seborg, R.M., Millett, M.A. and Stamm, A.J. (1945). Heat-stabilized compressed wood (Staypak). Mechanical Engineering, 67(1), 25-31. 

Table I. Weight and strength losses accompanying heat stabilization of dry softwoods heated beneath the surface of molten Wood s metal for ten minutes at three different temperatures (i5)...

Any applied use of the simple heat stabilization technique to wood will be limited by the large loss in abrasion resistance and toughness. 

The strength properties of polyethylene glycol treated wood are virtually those of the swollen wood. This is not surprising as the polymer tends to maintain green wood dimensions. Unlike heat stabilized and formaldehyde cross-linked wood and wood bulked by resin forming polymers within the cell walls (to be considered later), the toughness of the wood is not adversely affected by polyethylene glycol treatment (35). 

Heat stabilized compressed wood. Wood heated to 320°C. then compressed 400 to 4000 psi, then cooled and pressure released. Handles and desk legs. 

Heat-Stabilized Compressed Wood (Staypak). Pressures of 400-4000 psi are applied to the wood after it has been heated. Both heat and pressure plasticize wood. At 160 °C and 12% moisture content, the maximum plastic yield per increment of pressure occurs at 1100 psi. Pressures of 1500-2500 psi are required to yield a specific gravity of 1.3. Highly densified wood must be cooled in the press. Some strength properties, such as impact strength and hardness, are increased in direct proportion to the density. Staypak finds limited application for silverware handles and desk legs (6). 

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