Heat Integration Spins

The above is a typical example of a spin in a heat-integrated column. Similar principles and corrective actions are frequently used for tackling other heat-integrated spin problems. 

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Figure 13.7 Examples of heat-integrated columns that can experience startup problems, (o) A typical cryogenic gas plant demethanizer that can experience cold spins (b) a heat-integrated column that can experience surging.

Fig. 22, The specific-heat curve C(T) of the Kondo model for a range of integral and half-odd integral spin values S from j to j (Rajan 1983).

A forced-draft, gas-fired burner is seated at the top of the inner tube and produces a spinning cyclonic flame that reaches down to the bottom of the furnace tube. The hot combustible gases return over the boiler shell, which is provided with heat convection fins to extract more heat before the upward flowing gases exit the boiler. The furnace tube is fitted with a top and bottom, cast-steel flame retainer. These design features act to increase flue gas residency time and provide improved structural integrity to the pressure vessel. 

T. Graham, F. R. Pratt, A. Winkelmann, and J. Tollinger have also investigated this subject. The integral heat of soln., i.e. the heat absorbed in producing a sat. spin., is —4 Cals. They also found the theoretical heat of soln. to be —3 6 Cals. and the heat of soln. of the first mol. in 200 mols. of water, —6 3 Cals. 

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