Health hazards of specific agents

The health hazards associated with hazardous substances can vary from very mild (momentary dizziness or a skin irritation) to very serious such as a cancer. 

The following common agents of health hazard will be described together with the circumstances in which they may be found  

Ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive odour which, even in small concentrations, causes the eyes to smart and run and a tightening of the chest. It is a corrosive substance which can burn the skin, burn and seriously damage the eye, cause soreness and ulceration of the throat and severe bronchitis and oedema (excess of fluid) of the lungs. Good eye and respiratory protective equipment is essential when maintaining equipment containing ammonia. Any such equipment should be tested regularly for leaks and repaired promptly if required. 

Ammonia is also used in the production of fertilizers and synthetic fibres. Most work on ammonia plant should require a permit-to-work procedure. 

Carbon dioxide is a colourless and odourless gas which is heavier than air. It represses the respiratory system, eventually causing death by asphyxiation. At low concentrations it will cause headaches and sweating followed by a loss of consciousness. The greatest hazard occurs in confined spaces particularly where the gas is produced as a by-product. 

---