Health hazards, causes

FIGURE 38 Lead coffin. Lead coffin (first—third centuries c.E.) from Jerusalem, Israel. Lead, widely used in many ancient civilizations, was one of the first metals to be recovered from its ores. Lead objects date back from as early as the seventh century b.c.e. In Mesopotamia molten lead was used to fasten bolts and shafts into masonry. In Syria it was made into rods used as currency, and in Greece it was cast into coins. During the Roman Empire the use of lead become so widespread that the health hazards caused by lead exposure are suspected to have been one of the factors affecting the fall of the Roman Empire. Since it is very resistant to corrosion, lead was also used by the Romans, for making coffins as the one illustrated. 

Health hazards caused by chemicals are represented by the Toxic Exposure Subindex (ITox). hi the ISI the evaluation of toxic exposure is based on the Threshold Limit Values (TLV) because TLV data is readily available for most substances in process industry. TLV values express the harmful exposure limits of substances in the threshold time of 8 hours. The index value is higher, when the TLV is lower i.e. the substance is more toxic. It is important to use TLVs with same threshold time so that the results are comparable. Score limits in Table 13 are based on Mond Index (ICI, 1985). 

Chemical substances of different classes and kinds play an important role in the maintenance and improvement of quality of life. The safety and the possible health hazards caused by chemical substances to animals, humans, and the living environment must be evaluated carefully. Good laboratory practice (GLP) offers valuable... 

However, it is also known that, DGEBA epoxy resin, amine hardeners, dicarboxylic (phthalic) anhydride hardeners, and reactive epoxy diluents are all common causes of allergic contact dermatitis. And since all are health hazard causing organic pollutants, no remnants should be left in the composite, and must be decreased or avoided completely [73, 74]. 

List of Some Health Hazard Causing Solvents, Monomers and Chemicals Common for Plastics and Rubbers... 

Chapter 9 deals with sustainability through plastics and rubbers, while a comprehensive list of some health hazard causing solvents, monomers and chemicals common for plastics... 

Thornqvist T, LundstrOm H 1982 Health hazards caused by fungi in stored wood chips. For Prod J 32(ll) 29-32... 

---