Hazard assessment by use of EU classification

Classification categorises substances by their inherent properties to cause harm to man or the environment, based on the results of standardised laboratory tests. Presently such classifications are used only in the EU, although their wider use via the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) may be a future development. The classifications lend themselves as criteria for selection of solvents, which will be of value both within and outside Europe. 

The Dangerous Substances Directive [3] as amended, for substances (defined as chemical elements and their compounds in the natural state, e.g. toluene or a substance obtained by any production process, e.g. white spirit, mixed xylenes). 

The Dangerous Preparations Directive [4] as amended, for preparations (defined as mixtures or solutions composed of two or more substances, e.g. an intentional solvent blend such as methylated spirits). 

The EU has laid down the classification for about 1500 substances based mainly on physical and health criteria. An exercise is underway to review these classifications and add environmental classifications where appropriate. 

The aquatic toxicity classifications for substances are given in Table 6.7, which gives guidance on when a symbol (dead fish and tree), indication of danger to the environment (N) and individual risk phrases are to be used. 

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