Haloxylon

Seven alkaloids have been isolated from Haloxylon salicornicum (named 1-7) and four of them have been shown to have a naph-thyridine skeleton. Alkaloid 1(159) can be considered as a derivative of either 1,8- or 1,6-naphthyridine, whereas alkaloids 2, 3, and 5, which structurally resemble 159, are possibly biogenetically related.241... 

Halosaline was isolated from Haloxylon Salicornicum18 and is representative of a group of natural piperidine alkaloids that differ in the relative and absolute configuration at C2 and C8, as well as the length of the alkyl moiety at C8. 

Figure 14. Coefficients of biogeochemical uptake of trace metals by cenospecific plant species of Gobi Extra-Dry Desert ecosystems, Central Asia. I—Haloxylon ammodendron 2—lljina regeli 3—Ephedra Przewalskii 4—Anabasis brevifolia (Dobrovolsky, 1994).

Since 1961, the shallowing of the Aral Sea noticeably changed its outlines, especially in the east, south-east, and south. Some shadow bays and inlets dried up, new islets appeared in place of low banks, while older islands became part of the desert land. In its rear part the emerged sea floor became covered with saxaul (Haloxylon), tamarisk, saltwort some massifs of wind-blown sands appeared. There are zones of terrigenous, calcareous, and gypsum sods distinguished on the former sea floor [2]. 

The alkaloid (93) which is produced by Haloxylon salicornicum shows a structural resemblance to pelletierine (89). A feeding experiment58 with [6-14C]-lysine in intact plants has supported the related biosynthesis in Scheme 18. Activity was incorporated at C(6) of the alkaloid as shown. Surprisingly, no activity was incorporated from [2-14C]acetate but this negative result could be due to the failure of acetate to reach the site of synthesis. 

Synephrine C,H,3N02 167.21 162-164 -55.6° (1 M HCI) Citrus and Coryphantha species, Haloxylon salicomicum 614-35-7... 

The chul zone occupies most of the Central Asian plain (Turan) and displays four soil types salty chul, sandy chul, gypsum (stony) chul, and clay chul (National Biodiversity Strategy Project Steering Committee 1998). Portions of the salty chul ecosystem that have extremely high salt concentrations support no plant life. Areas of salty chul with lower salt content are dominated by Artemisia halophila and species in the Chenopodiaceae family such as Halocnemum strobilaceum, Halostachys caspica, Haloxylon aphyllum, Salicornia herbacea, Salsola dendroides, Suaeda dendroides... 

Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL (2005) Herbal remedies in the management of diabetes lessons learned from the study of ginseng. Nutr Metab Caidiovasc Dis 15 149-160 Michel KH, Sandberg F, Haglid F, Norin T (1967) Alkaloids of Haloxylon salicomicum (Moq.-Tand.) Boiss. Acta Pharm Suec 4 97-116... 

The Chenopodiaceae family is closely related to the Cactaceae, both belonging to the order of Caryophyllales. Four species of this family are known to contain simple tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids of the same kind as found in cactus species (Table 3). Salsola arbuscula was the first known natural source of salsoline and salsoUdine (Orekhov and Proskumina 1934). No phenethylamine derivatives are reported from the Chenopodiaceae species containing tetrahydroisoquinolines. However, another species of this family, Haloxylon salicornum (Moq.-Tand.) Boiss. is rich in substituted phenethylamines (Michel and Sandberg 1968) which further points at the close relationship with the Cactaceae family. 

Michel K-H, Sandberg F (1968) Occurrence of tyramine and N-methyltyramine in Haloxylon salicornum. Acta Pharm Suec 5 67-70... 

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