Haloperidol Ethanol

Vaddi, H.K., et al. 2003. Oxide terpenes as human skin penetration enhancers of haloperidol from ethanol and propylene glycol and their modes of action on stratum corneum. Biol Pharm Bull 26 220. 

Some toxicants that affect body temperature are shown in Figure 6.11. Among those that increase body temperature are benzadrine, cocaine, sodium fluoroacetate, tricyclic antidepressants, hexachlorobenzene, and salicylates (aspirin). In addition to phenobarbital and ethanol, toxicants that decrease body temperature include phenothiazine, clonidine, glutethimide, and haloperidol. 

Ethanol-induced place preference in DBA2 mice has been reported to be resistant to haloperidol, a preferential D2 antagonist (Risinger et al., 1992). Nicotine-induced place preference is prevented by a DI receptor antagonist (SCH 23390) (Acquas et al., 1989). 

Risinger FO, Dickinson SO, Cunningham CL (1992) Haloperidol reduces ethanol-induced motor activity stimulation but not conditioned piace preference. Psychopharmacol 107 452-456. 

In most cases the mechanism is not known. Stimulators of vasopressin secretion include vincristine, cyclophosphamide, tricyclic antidepressants, nicotine, epinephrine, and high doses of morphine. Lithium, which inhibits the renal effects of vasopressin, also enhances vasopressin secretion. Inhibitors of vasopressin secretion include ethanol, phenytoin, low doses of morphine, glucocorticoids, fluphenazine, haloperidol, promethazine, oxilorphan, and butorphanol. Carba-mazepine has a renal action to produce antidiuresis in patients with central diabetes insipidus but actually inhibits vasopressin secretion via a central action. 

Vaddi, H.K., Ho, P.C., Chan, Y.W., and Chan, S.Y. (2002). Terpenes in ethanol haloperidol permeation and partition through human skin and stratum corneum changes, J. Controlled Release, 81 121-133. 

A. Haloperidol and droperidol potentiate central nervous system-depressant effects of opioids, antidepressants, phenothiazines, ethanol, barbiturates, and other sedatives. 

Figure 4.19 The stabilizing and lytic effects of various tranquilizers and antihistamines on human erythrocytes. Stabilization of the erythrocytes against hypotonic haemolysis is caused by butyrylperazine dimaleate, prochlorperazine ethane disulphonate, fluphenazine diHCl, reserpine phosphate, thioridazine HCl, trifluoperazine diHCl, chlorpromazine HCl, promethazine HCl, and haloperidol. High concentrations of all the compounds caused direct lysis. Stabilization by chlorpromazine sulphoxide occurred at concentrations higher than equiosmolar concentrations of NaCl or sucrose. All the compounds were dissolved in aqueous solution except haloperidol which was added to the final aqueous solution from concentrated stock ethanolic solutions. The final concentration of the erythrocytes was 2.4 x 10 cells ml A relative haemolysis of 1.0 indicates an absolute degree of haemolysis of around 40%. From Seeman and Weinstein [158] with permission.

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