Alkane halogenated

This method is also used with alcohols of the stmcture Cl(CH2) OH (114). HaloaLkyl chlorosulfates are likewise obtained from the reaction of halogenated alkanes with sulfur trioxide or from the chlorination of cycHc sulfites (115,116). Chlorosilanes form chlorosulfate esters when treated with sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfuric acid (117). Another approach to halosulfates is based on the addition of chlorosulfuric or fluorosulfuric acid to alkenes in nonpolar solvents (118). 

The product of substitution reactions of alkanes with the halogens is typically a complex mixture of haloalkanes (halogenated alkanes). One way to limit the production of the more highly substituted alkanes is to use a large excess of the alkane then most reactions take place with the original hydrocarbon rather than with any haloalkanes produced in the reaction. 

Triathylamin-Boran reduziert sek. und tert. Halogen-alkane in fl. Schwefeldioxid Oder Nitromethan zu Koh-lenwasserstoffen (s. S. 388). 

Es reduziert Carbonsauren zu Kohlenwasserstoffen9 (s.S. 171 f.), Carbonsaureester (S. 219), Lactone (S. 225f.) und Acetale (S. 434) zu Athern. Auch Halogen-alkane werden hydriert (S. 393). 

Die Reaktivitat der Halogen-alkane nimmt gegeniiber den komplexen Metallhydriden im Falle einer SN2-Reaktion in der angegebenen Reihenfolge ab ... 

Triathyl-siliciumhydrid reduziert Halogen-alkane bei Aluminiumchlorid-Katalyse nach einem polaren Mechanismus zu Kohlenwasserstoffen. So erhalt man z. B. aus 1-Chlor-hexan 57% d.Th. Hexan, aus l-Chlor-2,2-dimethyl-propan unter Umlagerung 36% d.Th. 2-Methyl-butan bzw. aus 4-Chlor-2,2-dimethyl-butan 50% d.Th. 2,3-Dime-thyl-butans. 

Yin H, Anders MW, Korzekwa KR, Higgins L, Thummel KE, Kharasch ED, et al. Designing safer chemicals predicting the rates of metabolism of halogenated alkanes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995 92 11076-80. 

A range of mechanisms has been found for the biodegradation of halogenated alkanes, alkenes, and alkanoates ... 

Nucleophilic Substitution Hydrolytic Reactions of Halogenated Alkanes and Alkanoates... 

Janssen DB, J Gerritse, J Brackman, C Kalk, D Jager, B Witholt (1988) Purification and characterization of a bacterial dehalogenase with activity towards halogenated alkanes, alcohols and ethers. Eur J Biochem 171 67-72. 

Although apparently stable standing in contact, mixtures of sodium with a range of halogenated alkane solvents are metastable and capable of initiation to explosion by shock or impact. Carbon tetrachloride [1,2,3], chloroform, dichloromethane... 

Nastainczyk W, Ahr HJ, Ullrich V. 1982b. The reductive metabolism of halogenated alkanes by liver microsomal cytochrome P450. Biochem Pharmacol 31 391-396. 

The halogenated hydrocarbons are generally of low acute toxicity, but several are associated with anesthetic effects and cardiac sensitization. Cardiac sensitization to halogenated alkanes appears related to the number of chlorine or fluorine substitutions. Halogenated alkanes in which >75% of the... 

Hardy, C.J., P.C.Kieran, and I.I.Sharman. 1994. Assessment of the cardiac sensitisation potential (CSP) of a range of halogenated alkanes. Toxicologist 14 378. 

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