Halley carbonate

Mineralogical interpretations of Halley dust analyses remain controversial. Lawler et al. (1989) saw no clustering of compositions that might suggest crystalline minerals (Fig. 12.5), whereas Fomenkova et al. (1992) identified compositions that were consistent with a number of minerals, including pyroxene, phyllosilicate, carbonate, FeNi metal, iron sulfide, and iron oxide. The characterization of minerals in returned comet dust (see below) supports the identification of some of these primary minerals but calls into question the identification of those formed by alteration. 

Figure 8.32. Porosity-depth plots of (A) shallow-marine carbonates and (B) deep-sea oozes. (After Scholle and Halley, 1985.)...

Halley R.B. and Schmoker J.W. (1983) High porosity Cenozoic carbonate rocks of south Florida Progressive loss of porosity with depth. AAPG Bull. 67, 191-200. 

Scholle P.A. and Halley R.B. (1985) Burial diagenesis Out of sight, out of mind. In Carbonate Cements (eds. N. Schneidermann and P.M. Harris), pp. 309-334. Society Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 36, Tulsa, OK. 

Evidence for carbynes in comets might come from remote-sensing analyses of the volatile species in the coma of active comets, in particular from the study of carbon-chain molecules abundances [88]. Using narrowband filter photometry, C3 and C2 were detected in amounts that are classified as being typical in comets Hale-Bopp and Halley [89] and as "being depleted in carbon-chain molecules in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the new target of the ESA ROSETTA mission, and comet LINEAR 1999... 

ScHOLLE, P.A. Halley, R.B. (1985) Burial diagenesis out of sight, out of mind In Carbonate Cements (Eds Schneidermann, N. Harris, P.M.). Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont. Miner., Tulsa, 36, 309-334. 

The 3D-RISM-MCSCF approach has been applied to carbon monoxide (CO) solute in ambient water [33]. Since it is known that the Hartree-Fock method predicts the electronic structure of CO in wrong character [167], the CASSCF method (2 core, 8 active orbitals, 10 electrons) in the basis sets of double zeta plus polarization (9s5pld/4s2pld) augmented with diffuse functions (s- and p-orbitals) was used. Water was described by the SPC/F model [127] and the site-centered local pseudopotential elaborated by Price and Halley for CP simulation [40]. The 3D-RISM/KH integral equations for the water distributions specified on a grid of 64 points in a cubic supercell of size 20 A were solved at each step of the SCF loop by using the method of modified direct inversion in the iterative subspace (MDIIS) [27, 29] (see Appendix). 

Corrales LR (1999) Dissociative model of water clusters. J Chemical Physics 110 9071-9080 Curtiss LA, Halley JW, Hautman J, Rahman A (1987) Nonadditivity of ab-initio pair potentials for molecular dynamics of multivalent transition metal ions in water. J Chem Phys 86 2319-2327 de Leeuw NH, Parker SC, Catlow CRA, Price GD (2000) Proton-containing defects at forsterite (010) tilt grain boundaries and stepped surfaces. Am Min 85 1143-1154 de Leeuw NH, Parker SC (1998) Surface stracture and morphology of calcium carbonate polymorphs calcite, aragonite, andvaterite An atomistic approach. JPhys ChemB 102 2914-2922... 

PAHs comprise a large percentage of the carbon found in interstellar space. They have even been observed in interstellar ice (Halley s comet, for example). It has been shown that ultraviolet irradiation of PAHs in ice produces aromatic ketones (Chapter 9), alcohols (Chapter 7), and other compounds, suggesting a role of PAHs in prebiotic chemistry (see A Word about Methane, Marsh Gas, and Miller s Experiment, page 60). 

Potschke P, Brunig H, Janke A, Fischer D and Jehnichen D (2005) Orientation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in composites with polycarbonate by melt spinning, Pol(/mer 46 10355-10363. McNally T, Potschke P, Halley P, Murphy M, Martin D, Bell S E J, Brennan G P, Bein D, Lemoine P and Quinn J P (2005) Polyethylene multiwalled carbon nanotube composites, Polymer 46 8222-8232. 

McNally Pbtschke, R, Halley, R, Murphy, M. etal. (2005) Rolyethylene multiwalled carbon nanotube composites. Polymer, 46, 8222. 

McNally T, Potschkeb P, Halley P, Murphy M, Martin D, Bell SEJ, et al. Polyethylene multiwalled carbon nanotube composites. Polymer 2005 46 8222-8232. 

Potschke, R, Abdel-Goad, M., Alig, L, Dudkin, S., Lellinger, D. Rheological and dielectrical characterization of melt mixed polycarbonate-multiwalled carbon nanotube composites , Polymer 45(26) (2004), 8863-8870 McNally, T., Potschke, R, Halley, R, Murphy, M., Martin, D., Bell, S.E.J., Brennan, G.R, Bein, D., Lemoine, R, Quinn, J.R Polyethylene multiwalled carbon nanotube composites , Polymer ( 9) (2005), 8222-8232... 

Tony Me Nally, Petra Potschke, Peter Halley, Michael Murphy, Darren Martin, E. J. Steven, Belled, Gerard P. Brennane, Daimier Beinf, Patrick Lemoineg, and John Paul Quinng. Polyethylene multiwalled carbon nanotube composites. Polymer 46,8222-8232 (2005). 

Ultraviolet observations of several comets, including West (1975) and Halley (1986) (Fig. 13), revealed that CO is also a prominent cometary constituent. Ultraviolet observations have also resulted in the detection of minor species not previously observed in comets, including atomic and diatomic sulfur, ionized carbon, and the SH radical. Future, more sensitive observations and ones extending to shorter wavelengths are expected to reveal other constituents, such as H2, N2, N, N+, and 0+. 

FIGURE 13 Objective-grating far-UV spectrum of Comet Halley, obtained by the Naval Research Laboratory in a 1986 sounding rocket flight, which excludes the hydrogen Lyman a emission. The spectrum reveals far-UV emissions of atomic oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and also carbon monoxide (CO) (unlabeled features between the OI and CI features). 

Reach, W.X, Rho, J. Detection of far-infrared water vapor, hydroxyl, and carbon monoxide emissions from the supernova Remnant 3C 391. Astrophys. J. Lett. 507, 93-97 (1998) Reinhard, R. Summary of the scientific results of the Giotto Mission to Halley s comet nucleus, dust and gas composition and fluxes. In Cometary and Solar Plasma Physics, p. 81 (1988)... 

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