H absorption promoters

Nishihata, T., and J.H. Rytting. 1997. Absorption-promoting adjuvants Enhancing action on rectal absorption. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 28 205. 

Mechanisms of Action of H Absorption Promoters 2.7.1 Conditions for H Absorption Promotion 

Sasaki, H., et al. 1995. Ocular permeability of FITC-dextran with absorption promoter for ocular delivery of peptide drug. J Drug Target 3 129. 

Okabe, H., Obata, Y, Takayama, K., and Nagai, T. (1990). Percutaneous absorption promoting effect and skin irritancy of monocyclic monoterpenes. Drug. Des. Deliv, 6 229-238. 

The preceding analysis provides no explanation for ASB promoting effects on H absorption observed in cases where the HER is not controlled by a coupled Volmer-Tafel mechanism, for example, on noble metals such as Pt and Pd [77,78,108,122]. On these metals, the electroadsorption step in the HER is in quasiequilibrium at low cathodic overpotentials (chemical combination being the rate-determining step) when the overpotential increases, it becomes coupled to the electrocombination step [129]. So H absorption promotion by ASB on these metals can be explained only if the surface-bulk transfer step is not in equilibrium, that is. Equations 2.12a and 2.38 do not apply, at least on the clean surface, and the ASB increases the kinetics of this step [60,68]. 

The preceding analysis provides no explanation for ASB promoting effects on H absorption observed in cases where the HER is not controlled by a coupled Volmer-Tafel mechanism, e.g., on noble metals such as Pt and Pd [73,74,101,113]. On 

Significance interpretation activities, EIA, 10 236, 10 240t Si-H absorption, 20 14 Si-hybrid sealants, 22 38-40, 48t Silages, 20 863 Silane(s), 13 612, 22 489, 547 adhesion of sealant, 22 34 adhesion-promoting, 22 41 chemical vapor deposition precursor, 5 805t 

Yamamoto, A., T. Morita, M. Hashida, and H. Sezaki. 1992. Effect of absorption promoters on the nasal absorption of drugs with various molecular weights. Int. J. Pharm. 93 91-99. 

Murakami, T., Yata, N., Tamauchi, H., Kamada, A. (1982). Studies of absorption promoters for rectal delivery preparations. II. A possible mechanism of promoting efficacy of enamine derivatives in rectal absorption, 30(2), 659-665. 

Sasaki, H. Igarashi, Y Nagano, T. Nishida, K. Nakamura, J. Different effects of absorption promoters on comeal and conjunctival penetration of ophthalmic beta-blockers. Pharm.Res., 1995, 12, 1146-1150 

Katsuma, M., Watanabe, S., Kawai, H., Takemura, S., Sako, K. (2006). Effects of absorption promoters on insulin absorption through colon-targeted delivery. International Journal of 

Kaji, Y., Uekama, K., Yoshikawa, H., Takada, K. and Muranishi, S., Selective transfer of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil into lymphatics by combination of cyclodextrin polymer complexation and absorption promoter in the rat, Int. J. Pharm., 24, 79-89 (1985). 

ASB purely surface efiects can exist in the steady state [53,61,62,113]. This conclusion can be extended to all the HER mechanisms where one step is in quasiequilibrium. This analysis, which can also be performed by a thermodynamic treatment in expressing equalities of chemical potentials for hydrogen in the different phases, disagrees with the conclusions of a thermodynamic treatment of poison effects proposed by other authors, suggesting that a blocking effect may induce H absorption promotion in this case [101], 

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