Gyp converters

Calcium sulfate scale can he treated with gyp converters and then acidized. Gyp converters are water-hased solutions that react with calcium sulfate, converting the scale into acid-soluhle components. A treatment using a gyp converter need not he followed with acid, as the converted scale may he more easily dispersed mechanically in such cases, it can either he circulated or swahhed out, without acidizing. 

Alcohol is metabolized to acetaldehyde by cytosolic ADH and the MEOS (primarily GYP 2E1— the same cytochrome p45o dependent enzyme involved with acetaminophen metabolism). Acetaldehyde is subsequently metabofized to acetyl-CoA by AADH. This is further broken dovra to acetate, which is either converted to carbon dioxide and water or enters the citric acid cycle to be converted to fatty acids. The latter is a major mechanism for induction of fatty liver by alcohol, but acetaldehyde is probably the primary toxin. It causes most of the injury to liver cells as well as the induction of collagen synthesis leading to fibrosis and, ultimately, cirrhosis. 

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