Gymnodium breve

Gallagher, J. and Shinnick, G.P., Effect of Gymnodium breve toxin in the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation, Br. J. Pharmac., 69, 367, 1980. 

Tester, P.A., Turner, J, and Shea, D. 2000. Vectorial transport of toxins from the dinoflagellate Gymnodium breve through copepods to fish. Journal of Plankton Research 22, 47-61. 

The presence of organic chelates of iron in surface waters has been related to the red tide." an explosive Hoorn" of algae (Gymnodium breve) that results in mass mortality of fish. It is possible to correlate the occurrence of these outbreaks with the volume of stream flow and the concentrations of iron and humic acid.1 3 At least one of the dinoflagellates in the red tide possesses an iron-binding siderophone (see below), to ... 

TOXICITY marine dinoflagellate Gymnodium breve) TLm 96 hr 125-185 ppm, EC50 54-96 ppm larvae of grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio Holthius) LC50 8 days 100 ppm, no significant increase in mortality at 1 ppm after 26 days... 

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