Guards/barriers, physical

Chemical process security includes, but goes beyond, traditional physical security. Physical security includes such considerations as guards, barriers, surveillance equipment, and other physical system considerations. Physical security is an element of chemical process security, but... 

Human skin provides a barrier that protects the body from the physical, biological, and chemical environment. Skin, however, is also a permeable membrane through which xenobiotic chemicals may enter the body. Chemicals contacting the skin can also injure or burn the skin, cause dermatitis, sensitization, and other skin maladies and make the skin less capable of guarding against physical and biological insult. Lipophilic chemicals more easily permeate the skin than hydrophilic chemicals, but when mixed together, the lipophiles facilitate the absorption of hydrophiles. 

Guards are physical barriers which prevent access to the danger zone. The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) require employers to take effective measures to prevent access to dangerous parts of machinery. These regulations also apply to contact with a rotating bar which projects beyond the headstock of a lathe. 

If controlling the hazards through improved design or engineering is impossible or impractical, the next course of action should be to use physical guards or barriers to separate potential unwanted energy flows or other hazards from potential targets. 

Design and engineering controls and physical guards and barriers may provide positive protection and actually eliminate the occurrence of certain types of accidents. 

Access control will depend in part on what area of the hospital that is affected. Officers can be stationed at each unlocked hospital entrance to screen visitors and issue incident-specific visitor passes. Plant operation personnel can be utilized to help set up physical barriers/controls as needed. Facilities not operating an isolated patient suite can limit access to certain areas/floors by way of guards. Hospital personnel can help detect and deter unauthorized attempts to gain access. 

Layered security—A physical security approach that requires a criminal to penetrate or overcome a series of security layers before reaching the target. The layers might be perimeter barriers building or area protection with locks, CCTV, and guards and point and trap protection using safes, vaults, and sensors. 

Security against malicious acts can be enhanced by limiting physical access to potentially sensitive equipment or material and to the rooms where they are housed, e.g. to the control rod drive mechanisms. In addition, the possible consequences of human error or malevolent acts can be mitigated by means of additional safety barriers, such as a guard vessel, pool cover, or remotely activated poison injection system. 

Four physical barriers exist within the PEACER to prevent the release of fission products to the environment these include (1) the fuel matrix itself, (2) the fuel pin cladding, (3) the primary coolant system, including a guard vessel, and (4) the outer containment. 

Incorporate safety devices. Use protective safety methods or devices. In general, safety devices are static interveners. Examples include physical barriers machine guards barricades revetments around explosives storage facilities guardrails toe boards safety eyewear hearing protectors... 

Safety limits, which are limits placed upon important process variables that are necessary to reasonably protect the integrity of certain physical barriers guarding against the uncontrolled release of radioactivity, shall be provided. 

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