Growth stresses and interfacial processes

The question of the origin of stress accompanying the isothermal formation and growth of oxide scales is an old but important topic because of its noticeable influence on the mechanical stability of oxide scales. Three main causes of stress generation during scaling are commonly considered (Birks et al, 2006 Kofstad, 1988 Stringer, 1970)  

This latter cause of stress generation was extended to the climb, in the bulk of the oxide scale, of edge dislocations with a Burgers vector parallel to the interface (Clarke, 2003). All these causes of stress generation have been 

1 Experimental evidence of stresses associated with interdiffusion processes 

9 Interdiffusion in Ni-Ti system splitting of inert markers to mark the Kirkendall frame of reference of each phase formed (Bastin and Rieck, 1974). 

Interfacial processes and growth stresses in scale growth 

---