Growth rates heat extraction

The two growth regimes are associated with correspondingly distinct rates of latent heat evolution and, at some critical heat extraction rate, an interesting oscillation between the two growth types is predicted to occur. At sufficiently higfr... 

AFM is now utilized to relate microscopic measurement of step velocity to macroscopic face growth rates (Malkin et al. 1996). Such data can be collected at a very rapid rate but does require some familiarity with the technique and access to a research caliber AFM. Likewise, microcalorimetry may be utilized to extract crystal growth rates at a very rapid rate, provided the protein s heat of crystallization is sufficient to yield a measurable signal (Darcy and Wiencek, 1998). Both of these techniques can provide growth rates over a wide range of conditions within days, as opposed to months by more traditional video microscopy techniques. 

The thermal conductivity of GaAs (XcaAs = 0.46 W/cm K at 300 K) is lower than that of silicon (Xsi = 1.41 W/cm K at 300 K). Therefore, heat dissipation and extraction from operating devices is less effective and limits the growth rate in crystal growth from the melt. 

In the 19th century, oil was discovered. Originally extracted and refined to produce paraffin for lamps and heating, oil was rapidly adopted as a source of energy in motor cars. Eventually, techniques were developed that allowed oil to be converted to chemicals, and its availability and financial accessibility allowed the petrochemical industry to grow at a tremendous rate. Developments in the modem plastics, rubbers, and fibers industries led to significant demand growth for synthetic materials. 

Custom-made simple thermocouple calorimeters of 0.25 mL active volume and a sensitivity of 20 pV/mW were applied to study the growth regulating and toxic effects of Ledum palustre extracts on the growth of pupae of T. molitor [103]. They exhibited the U-shaped course of mass-specific heat production rate (max. 2.8 mW/g, min. 1.2 mW/g) as described also by other authors (e.g. [88,92]). Superimposed on the slope were longer-lasting clear endothermic structures during... 

---