Growth of Planar Layers

In the first step, lipid model membranes have been generated (Fig. 15) on the air/liquid interface, on a glass micropipette (see Section VIII.A.1), and on an aperture that separates two cells filled with subphase (see Section VIII.A.2). Further, amphiphilic lipid molecules have been self-assembled in an aqueous medium surrounding unilamellar vesicles (see Section VIII.A.3). Subsequently, the S-layer protein of B. coagulans E38/vl, B. stearother-mophilus PV72/p2, or B. sphaericus CCM 2177 have been injected into the aqueous subphase (Fig. 15). As on solid supports, crystal growth of S-layer lattices on planar or vesicular lipid films is initiated simultaneously at many randomly distributed nucleation... 

It is well known for the case of planar layer growth that, for the growth of a single intermediate phase, the difference in the right and the left derivatives would be proportional to the driving force of the reaction,... 

Convective diffusion to a growing sphere. In the polarographic method (see Section 5.5) a dropping mercury electrode is most often used. Transport to this electrode has the character of convective diffusion, which, however, does not proceed under steady-state conditions. Convection results from growth of the electrode, producing radial motion of the solution towards the electrode surface. It will be assumed that the thickness of the diffusion layer formed around the spherical surface is much smaller than the radius of the sphere (the drop is approximated as an ideal spherical surface). The spherical surface can then be replaced by a planar surface... 

The growth of a PS layer (not individual pores) is always perpendicular to the surface of the substrate with back electrical contact. The growth front is planar, independent of the orientation of the silicon samples. The interface between PS layer and silicon... 

If the transport process is rate-determining, the rate is controlled by the diffusion coefficient of the migrating species. There are several models that describe diffusion-controlled processes. A useful model has been proposed for a reaction occurring at the interface between two solid phases A and B [290]. This model can work for both solids and compressed liquids because it doesn t take into account the crystalline environment but only the diffusion coefficient. This model was initially developed for planar interface reactions, and then it was applied by lander [291] to powdered compacts. The starting point is the so-called parabolic law, describing the bulk-diffusion-controlled growth of a product layer in a unidirectional process, occurring on a planar interface where the reaction surface remains constant ... 

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