Growth efficiency temperature dependence

Microbial populations converting cellulose to biogas are taxonomically diverse. They are different under psychrophilic, mesophilic, or thermophilic conditions, but they generally act in similar way [104-106]. The composition and stability of a microbial community and, consequently, the efficiency of the whole process depends on the growth conditions (temperature and pH), organic snbstrate composition and structnre, the rate of organic material load in the fermenter, the retention time of the solid matter, and other factors [92,107-109]. 

Figure 6. Variation of 0 and 455 Rco2 with temperature for cultivars of (a) cabbage, a cool-climate plant, and (b) tomato, a warm-climate plant. Differences in the temperature dependences of the heat and COi rates lead to constantly changing substrate carbon conversion efficiencies of these plants as temperature changes. Specific growth rate is proportional to the difference between the curves for > 455 / co2, growth stops.

The rate of the supercooled liquid transition to the crystalline state at T < Tm depends on two factors the number of the crystallization centres formed per unit time in unit volume, nc, and the linear rate of the crystal growth, vc. At T < Tm, v,. at first increases as the temperature decreases. This is connected with the fact that the heat which is liberated upon formation of the crystals and retards their formation dissipates more efficiently the lower is the temperature of the solution. Then, vc reaches its maximum and,... 

The chemical reaction mechanism of electropolymerization can be described as follows. The first step in course of the oxidative electropolymerization is the formation of cation radicals. The further fate of this highly reactive species depends on the experimental conditions (composition of the solution, temperature, potential or the rate of the potential change, galvanostatic current density, material of the electrode, state of the electrode surface, etc.). In favorable case the next step is a dimerization reaction, and then stepwise chain growth proceeds via association of radical ions (RR-route) or that of cation radical with a neutral monomer (RS-route). There might even be parallel dimerization reactions leading to different products or to the polymer of a disordered structure. The inactive ions present in the solution may play a pivotal role in the stabilization of the radical ions. Potential cycling is usually more efficient than the potentiostatic method, i.e., at least a partial reduction... 

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