Group work ionic bonding

Millimeter wave spectroscopy with a free space cell such as a Broida oven is more sensitive than lower frequency microwave spectroscopy. However, the higher J transitions monitored by millimeter wave spectroscopy often do not show the effects of hyperfine structure. In the case of CaOH and SrOH, the proton hyperfine structure was measured in beautiful pump-probe microwave optical double resonance experiments in the Steimle group [24,68], They adapted the classic atomic beam magnetic resonance experiments to work with a pulsed laser vaporization source and replaced the microwave fields in the A and C regions by optical fields (Fig. 15). These sensitive, high-precision measurements yielded a very small value for the proton Fermi contact parameter (bF), consistent with ionic bonding and a... 

A detailed study of the radiochemical reactions of phenylarsenic compounds has been published by Grossmann. Once again unable to effect isolation of all compounds, he was able, however, to get evidently reliable values for the sums of all compounds with one, two and three phenyl-arsenic bonds, respectively, as well as ionic arsenic and a further organic-soluble fraction which appeared to be a group of polymeric phenylarsenic compounds. Selected data from this work are given in Table 6. 

The nature of the bond between the molecules of the water-reducing admixture and the surface of the cement constituent hydrates has been described as ionic group outwards in many references [33, 42,], mainly based on work [33, 43] showing migration of cement particles under the influence of an electric current when lignosulfonate molecules are adsorbed on the surface. Similar results have been reported for hydroxycarboxylic acids [44], Other relevant data are summarized below ... 

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