Group IV element-carbon

The unique properties of carbon relate to its position in the periodic table. As a second-period element, carbon atoms are relatively small. Therefore, it can easily form the double and triple bonds that are rare in the compounds of related elements, such as silicon. As a Group IV element, carbon can form four bonds, which is more than the other second-period elements this characteristic gives it wide... 

Peroxides (s. a. Acyl peroxides. Group IV element-carbon peroxides)... 

All Group IV elements form both a monoxide, MO, and a dioxide, MO2. The stability of the monoxide increases with atomic weight of the Group IV elements from silicon to lead, and lead(II) oxide, PbO, is the most stable oxide of lead. The monoxide becomes more basic as the atomic mass of the Group IV elements increases, but no oxide in this Group is truly basic and even lead(II) oxide is amphoteric. Carbon monoxide has unusual properties and emphasises the different properties of the group head element and its compounds. 

All Group IV elements form tetrachlorides, MX4, which are predominantly tetrahedral and covalent. Germanium, tin and lead also form dichlorides, these becoming increasingly ionic in character as the atomic weight of the Group IV element increases and the element becomes more metallic. Carbon and silicon form catenated halides which have properties similar to their tetrahalides. 

Discuss this statement as it applies to the Group IV elements, C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, indicating any properties of carbon which appear anomalous. Illustrate your answer by considering ... 

From these data, and the similarity of the data for the other radicals contained in Table 1, it therefore appears that, unlike carbon-centred radicals, the tricoordinate trialkyl radicals of Group IV elements have the tetrahedral structure 1. 

The other structures all represent cases in which the Group IV element is interacting with 3 lithium atoms, and in each case a three-dimensional lithium aggregate is formed. The lithium-lithium and lithium-carbon distances are summarized in Table VIII for those structures that have been determined. In addition, lithium-carbon distances in several lithium-aromatic ion pair systems are included in Table VIII for comparison (18, 19), as well as the observed distances in the hexamer of trimethylsilyllithium. In the dimeric molecule, the Li—Li distance of... 

Estimates of the radii of the Group IV elements in various chemical situations are collected in Table 2. Values increase with increasing atomic number, so that the covalent radii of tin and lead are almost twice that of carbon. Ionic radii are substantially smaller than the corresponding covalent radii, with the Mn ionic radii being substantially larger than their MIV counterparts. 

Carbon is the most electronegative of the Group IV elements, with germanium normally considered to be more electronegative than silicon, tin or lead. This may in part be due to the weaker screening effect of the filled 3[Pg.574]

TRIOSMIUM CLUSTERS WITH GROUP IV ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON... 

Harris, R. K. (1983). Solution-state NMR studies of Group IV elements (other than carbon). NATO ASI Series, Series C Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 103 (Multinucl. Approach NMR Spectrosc.), 343-359. 

Find out what elements of Group IV form carbonates, and give the formulas of the carbonates and approximately then-relative stability. 

When diethyl tellurium was heated with triorgano silanes, germanes, or stannanes, one or both tellurium-carbon bonds were cleaved and compounds with tellurium-group IV element bonds were formed3 4. 

Only a few reports deal with reactions of arsenic and antimony compounds with HFA. Several reports describe insertion of HFA into As—H bonds 43, 72, 155). In contrast to the heavier group IV elements, insertion leads to the formation of 2-arsanoperfluoropropanols 87. This difference can be explained by assuming nucleophilic attack by the arsenic lone pair on the highly electrophilic carbonyl carbon. 

XVIII. Transition Metal Complexes Containing -Bonded Group IV Elements Other Than Carbon... 

---