Group diamond synthesis

Russian group of Derjaguin et al., by irradiating ultrafine graphite powder with a CO laser beam, and was later confirmed by Roy et al. Various other researchers have reported diamond synthesis by similar techniques (e.g., 24-27). Diamond formation by laser ablation of graphite too has been claimed (e.g., 28, 29). 

There are a number of binders used for pcD sintering. The most commonly used ones are iron group materials which are known to be good solvent/catalysts for diamond synthesis, namely cobalt, iron, nickel, and manganese or various combinations of these. 

There are of course, in addition to the sp -carbon atoms on the surface, also the unsaturated ends of superficial graphitic structures that are saturated by the respective functional groups. Furthermore, a reaction with the cooHng medium can take place both on the diamond and on eventual graphitic structures. It is known, for instance, that lactones may be formed by the addition of carbon dioxide (coolant in the so-called dry synthesis. Section 5.3.1) to a reactive graphene layer. 

Scheme 1 Convergent solid-phase peptide synthesis (CSPPS). Amino acids are represented by squares, the protected a-amino group by a diamond, and die protected side-chain functional groups by triangles.

Gokel, G.W. Dishong. D.M. Diamond, C.J. Lariat ethers. Synthesis and cation binding of macrocyclic polyethers possessing axially disposed secondary donor groups. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1980. (22), 1053-1054. 

It was established that diamond is an allotrope of carbon by Tennant in 1797 [1]. This led to many attempts to crystallize diamond using various carbonaceous starting materials, but it was not until about a century and a half later that successful synthesis was proven, as referred to in Section 1.1.3. The first clear success was by a Swedish group at the ASEA Company in February 1953 [2]. This was followed by the General Electric Company in December 1954 [3]. The early attempts and the subsequent successes are well reviewed [4—6]. 

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