Groundwater recharge

In many cases, the quality of a stream or another water source can be adequately improved by removing more BOD or suspended solids. In other iastances, the effluent is prepared for groundwater recharge which may require only the removal of nutrient. A classification of wastewater treatment processes is given ia Table 3. Table 4 summarizes water quality criteria for various iadustrial uses (10). 

Asano T, Cotruvo JA (2004) Groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater health and regulatory considerations. Water Res 38(8) 1941-1951... 

Gases entrapped in pore spaces resulting from phase separation of gases from liquids can reduce the permeability of a formation. This process was the major cause of clogging at groundwater recharge... 

Typically, only those sites that have aerobic conditions in the contaminated zone because of shallow water tables and high rates of groundwater recharge have achieved significant natural biodegradation of MTBE and other oxygenates.65... 

The hydrologic cycle, or moisture cycle — that may encompass the processes of rain infiltration in the soil, exfiltration from the soil to the air, surface runoff, evaporation, moisture behavior, groundwater recharge and capillary rise from the groundwater. All these processes are interconnected and are frequently referred to as the hydrologic cycle components. 

From the hydrologic cycle temporal resolution of soil moisture surface, runoff, and groundwater recharge components, by inputting to the model the net infiltration rate into the soil column and... 

Evapotranspi rati on. The total evapotranspiration which takes place prior to groundwater recharge should be constant. 

The chloride content of groundwater may be a sensitive indicator of either the distance between the intake area of the aquifer and coast or the amount of evapotranspiration prior to groundwater recharge. Because chloride is not normally derived from dissolution of solid aquifer materials and it does not enter into ion exchange reactions to any great extent, the chloride content in shallow aquifers and aquifers isolated from sources of connate water should reflect some of the original environmental factors of the outcrop area [19,86]. 

Roberts, R V., McCarty, P. L., Reinhard, M., and Schreiner, J., 1980, Organic Contaminant Behavior during Groundwater Recharge Journal of Water Pollution Control, Vol. 2, pp. 161-172. 

The conclusions of retardation are applicable to a wide range of sorption and transport problems including artificial groundwater recharge, and leaching of pollutants from landfills. 

Drewes J.E., T. Heberer, Rauchand, and K. Reddersen (2003). Fate of pharmaceuticals during groundwater recharge. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation 23 64—72. 

LRL is a groundwater recharge system (no surface inlets or outlets) and receives 98-100% of its water from precipitation directly onto the lake surface. Groundwater seepage accounts for about 35% of the water output from the lake, and evaporation accounts for the remaining 65%. Water residence time, tw, is about 9-11 years. Most of LRL is situated above the regional... 

Yamasaki, Y. and Hata, Y. (2000) Changes and their factors of concentrations of arsenic and boron in the process of groundwater recharge in the lower Lluta River Basin, Chile. Journal of Groundwater Hydrology, 42(4), 341-53. 

Several whole-lake ion budgets have shown that internal alkalinity generation (IAG) is important in regulating the alkalinity of groundwater recharge lakes and that sulfate retention processes are the dominant source of IAG (3-5)1 and synoptic studies (6-9) have shown that sulfate reduction occurs in sediments from a wide variety of softwater lakes. Baker et al. (10) showed that net sulfate retention in lakes can be modeled as a first-order process with respect to sulfate concentration and several "whole ecosystem" models of lake acidification recently have been modified to include in-lake processes (11). 

Roberts, RV., Schreiner, J.E., Hopkins, G.D. (1982) Field study of organic water quality changes during groundwater recharge in the Palo Alto Baylands. Water Res. 16, 1025-1035. 

Beyerle, U., Purtshert, R., Aeschbach-Hertig, W., Imboden, D. M., Loosli, H. H., Wieler, R., Kipfer, R. (1998) Climate and groundwater recharge during the last glaciation in an ice-covered region. Science, 282, 731—4. 

SGD = Submarine Groundwater Discharge SGR = Submarine Groundwater Recharge... 

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