Groundwater petroleum hydrocarbon—impacted

Environmental issues associated with the subsurface release of petroleum hydrocarbons and other organics fall into four areas (1) vapors (Figure 1.5), (2) impacted soils, (3) the presence of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), and (4) dissolved constituents (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), and other components) in groundwater. 

W.G. Rixey, X. He and B.P. Stafford, The Impact of Gasohol and Fuel-Grade Ethanol on BTX and Other Hydrocarbons in Ground Water Effect on Concentrations Near a Source, API Soil and Groundwater Research BuUetin No. 23, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC, 2005. 

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