Gross energy requirements

Gross energy requirements (GER), 24 165, 179-180, 196 comparison of, 24 183 Gross National Photo-Product (GNPP), 79 216... 

Bond (1952) postulated that the work required to reduce large feed particles, 4, to particles of diameter, d, is given by Equation 12.6. He also proposed a work index, IT, which is defined as the gross energy requirement in KWH/ton of feed needed to reduce the feed, 4, to a size that 80% of the material passes a 100 p.m screen. Table 12.4 is a list of typical work index values. Example 12.2 compares a result from this equation with direct data from a manufacturer s catalog. 

A common classification of categories is according to their role in resource depletion, pollution or damage (Table 4.2). Energy production is often presented as Gross Energy Requirement (GER), while waste production is represented by a Solid Waste Burden (SWB). 

XfPf is actually the on-site cost of the net energy requirement (NER). NER is part of the gross energy requirement (GER) of the process needed to give the required product less the calorific value (CV) of the product. That is,... 

The thermal efficiency of the process with respect to the oils is defined as the ratio of the energy output of the process through the oil product to the gross energy requirement. 

All petrochemical-based substances have higher gross energy requirements (GER, indicates the total primary energy consumption of the manufacturing process of a chemical product from its raw material) than those... 

The data of Table 3.2 can be used to illustrate how the type of feedstock can markedly affect the gross energy requirement. For example, HDPE... 

Figure 13.3. Production of plastics Gross energy requirements (MJ/kg).

Figure 1. Gross energy requirements (GER) for important base chemicals. Data...

The research group at Cargill Dow inspected using LCA the effects of PLA to the environment by means of gross energy requirement to produce PLA as seen in Figure 2. And PLA was compared to some other types of petroleum based polymers (Figure 3). 

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