Grignard reagents physical properties

In the preparation of these compounds it has been found advan-iageous to make a paste of the lead dialkyl Iialides, and then add this to the Grignard reagent. The properties of the compounds are similar to those described for the lead trialkyl alkyls. The simplest member of this series, lead dimethyl diethyl, lias given rise to some discussion regarding its physical constants. It was prepared by the action of magnesium methyl iodide on lead diethyl chloride. Its properties are sho vn below ... 

Some recent studies have underlined the effect that certain physical properties of the reaction medium have in governing the nature and yields of the products obtained when indole Grignard reagents react with alkyl or alkynyl halides. Such factors include the basicity and dielectric constant of the medium and its ability to solvate any of the reacting species. ... 

Several comprehensive reviews and books have been published, encompassing the preparation and use of Grignard reagents, their chemical and physical properties, mechanistic investigations of their formation and studies of their structures in solution and in solid state . In the present chapter, emphasis will be placed on synthetic methods for the preparation of functionalized organomagnesium compounds as well as their applications in organic synthesis. 

Webb, L. J. and Lewis, N. S. Comparison of the electrical properties and chemical stability of crystalline silicon(lll) surfaces alkylated using Grignard reagents or Olefins with Lewis acid catalysts. Journal of Physical Chemistry 107, 5404 (2003). 

As can be seen in the following examples, both Cu and Cu" salts such as CuCl. CuBr, Cul, CuCN, Cu(acac)2, and Li2CuCl4 (known as Kochi s catalyst [22]), introduced at 0.2 10% to a Grignard or a substrate are most typical for these reactions. The choice of copper salts is dependent on their intrinsic reactivities, as well as on physical properties, such as solubility and ease of handling. For example, Li2CuCl4 is soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and is frequently quite useful to obtain clean cross-coupled products. An added Cu species is considered to be reduced to Cu in situ by the Grignard reagent to participate in the catalytic cycle [see Eq. (36)]. 

The present review will, because of the complexity of the Grignard reagents, begin with a discussion of some physical and chemical properties of the reagents. Section 1.3 is concerned with the reactions of benzophenone with Grignard reagents. This is because benzophenone has, for many years, been a favourite substrate for researchers in the field and because observations made with benzophenone are valuable for the understanding of other reactions. Section 1.4 deals with concerted reaction mechanisms with carbonyl compounds. Section 1.. ) concerns reactions with a. /3-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and Section 1.6 concerns non-carbonylic substrates which react by stepwise radical type mechanism .. 

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