Green chemistry twelve principles

P. Anastas and J. Warner. Green Chemistry Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998. Environmental Protection Agency. Green Chemistry, Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry (adapted from Anastas and Warner) available at http //www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/pubs/principles.html (accessed October 27, 2009). 

Winterton, N. (2001) Twelve More Green Chemistry Principles. Green Chemistry, 3, G73-G75. 

Yield and other mass-related metrics such as atom economy, reaction mass efficiency and mass intensity have been examined by Constable et al with regard to their significance concerning greenness and costs. The importance of using a (product) concentration term, which can be mass intensity or mass index, is additionally emphasized by Laird et al This is in compliance with Winterton, who in his twelve more green chemistry principles demands the establishment of full mass balances. 

These solvent-free conditions are included in the twelve principles of Green Chemistry [25], and facilitate the design of sustainable processes for the chemical industry. 

The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry can he further distilled into two major ideas. The first is sustainability That is, reac-... 

A comparison of the semi-synthetic process with the PCF process can be made, applying the twelve Green Chemistry Principles as outlined by Anastas and Warner [17]. 

Green chemistry is an overarching approach that is applicable to all aspects of chemistry (Anastas, 2002). Green chemistry methodologies can be viewed through the framework of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry (Anastas, 1998) ... 

Winterton, N. 2001. Twelve more green chemistry principles. Green Chem. 3 G73-G75. 

Green chemistry is commonly presented as a set of Twelve Principles proposed by Anastas and Warner—they are a set of instructions for professional chemists to be adhered to when synthesizing new chemical compounds and implementing new technological processes.250... 

If we look at the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry, it is easy to indicate the issues that should determine the green character of analytical chemistry. The following should be treated as priorities251,252 ... 

Anastas and Warner formulated the twelve principles of green chemistry in 1998. These serve as guidelines for chemists seeking to lower the ecological footprint of the chemicals they produce and the processes by which such chemicals are made. 

TIVELY, has been proposed which captures the spirit of the twelve principles of green chemistry and can be presented as a single slide (Fig. 10.1) [6]. 

We were pleasantly surprised to find an inorganic text with some coverage of green chemistry. Inorganic Chemistry (Housecrofl Sharpe, Prentice Hall, 2004) has incorporated a discussion of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry and four examples of green chemistry within the text. 

Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry (Adapted from Anastas and Warner, Green Chemistry Theory and Practice)... 

Table 4, Twelve Principles of Green C iieinisiry." serves to provide a road map for chemists and chemical engineers to implement the use of sound, responsible chemistry for P2, or green chemistry, during the conceptual design of chemical products/processes in order to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. ...

Twelve general principles of Green Chemistry have been enunciated and are listed below ... 

The elimination of solvents in chemical processes, or the replacement of hazardous solvents with environmentally benign ones, is one of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry [13]. The main advantage of solventless chemistry is that it is conceptually the simplest solution for the problems with solvents. However, not many reactions can be carried out under such conditions, as exothermic reactions can be dangerous, heating and stirring can be inefficient, especially if solid reactants or products are present, and usually solvents are needed for working up the product from solventless reaction media. 

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