Graphite packing

Graphite is degraded in the decomposer by erosion, and hence the tower should be washed every 3 years. These packings can then be properly segregated and reused. The tower wall is inspected carefully for corrosion, and the vessel is filled with dilute NaOH to prevent rusting during shutdowns. 

Electrode Processes and Electrochemical Engineering, Plenum Press, New York (1985), p. 143. 

Diaphragm cells held a 67% market share in the United States, vs 37% in the world in 2003. The emerging cell technology is the membrane process, which had a world market share of 30% in 1999 and 40% in 2003. 

A wide variety of designs have been developed for each of these three cell processes and have been installed in commercial plants. However, only a few of those cell designs 

FIGURE 5.1. Breakdown of world chlorine market share based on technology [2]. 

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Fig. 7. Mercury cathode electroly2er and decomposer (11) 1, brine level 2, metal anodes 3, mercury cathode, flowing along baseplate 4, mercury pump 5, vertical decomposer 6, water feed to decomposer 7, graphite packing, promoting decomposition of sodium amalgam 8, caustic Hquor exit 9, denuded mercury 10, brine feed 11, brine exit 12, hydrogen exit from decomposer 13, chlorine gas space 14, chlorine exit 15, wash water.

The platinum-graphite packed-bed electrode and the iodide-mediated electrode provided currents in the region of lOOmA/cm. The single-pass conversion of SO2 to H2SO4 was about 20% using platinum deposited on graphite as the electrode. 

Toyoda, M., Dogawa, N., Seki, T., et al. (2001). Sorption and recovery of A-grade heavy oil by using exfoliated graphite packed in plastic bag - trial for practical applications. TANSO, 166—9 (in Japanese). 

According to a laboratory manual published by the National Distillers Chemical Co. a well-dried three-necked Pyrex flask, capacity 1-3 liters, may be used as the reactor (see Fig. 267). A stirrer with a graphite-packed gland is inserted through the middle neck. The other two necks serve for filling and temperature measurement. 

A. Exfoliated Graphite Packed into Plastic Bags.223... 

On a colnmn of exfoliated graphite packed to a bulk density of 14 kg/m with different colnmn heights in a glass tnbe, is plotted against t,/2 in Fignre 4.18. The initial slope of versns tyi plots (sorptivity, is independent of the speci-... 

In Table 4.13 the sorption capacity of exfoliated graphite packed at different bulk densities in plastic bags with or without waterproof treatment is summarized. Each bag was immersed into enough A-grade heavy oil for 1 h and dipped up using stainless steel mesh exeess oil was drained off for 5 min, and then the mass... 

Sorption capacity of exfoliated graphite packed into plastic bags... 

Sample Bag Waterproof Exfoliated Graphite Packed Bulk Density of EG Packed Sorption Capacity... 

FIGURE 4.37 Bulk density dependence of sorption capacity of exfoliated graphite packed into plastic bag and of formed exfoliated graphite. 

Many non-metallic materials are cathodic to metals and alloys. For example, impervious graphite used in heat exchanger applications is noble to more active metals. The nature of non-metallic conductors must be known before their application. Graphite packing around a steel pump shaft... 

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