Graphite furnace technique Zeeman background correction

Chapters 5 and 6 discuss the application of new techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry with and without graphite furnace and Zeeman background correction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray fluo-... 

Many of the published methods for the determination of metals in seawater are concerned with the determination of a single element. Single-element methods are discussed firstly in Sects. 5.2-5.73. However, much of the published work is concerned not only with the determination of a single element but with the determination of groups of elements (Sect. 5.74). This is particularly so in the case of techniques such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Zeeman background-corrected atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. This also applies to other techniques, such as voltammetry, polarography, neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluroescence spectroscopy, and isotope dilution techniques. 

The last two decades have seen improvements of about four orders of magnitude in the sensitivity of atomic absorption techniques, due first to substantial improvements in graphite furnace atomization techniques and then to the introduction of Zeeman background correction. Flame AAS (F-AAS) methods are mainly of historical interest for all but the highest concentrations of Ni in biological solids. Furthermore, the pre-concentration and extraction procedures formerly required for determination of Ni in fluids can now... 

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