Graphite cycling performance

SEM representative images of the surface treated natural graphite SLC-1015 and its untreated precursor SL-20 are shown by Figure 1. The graphite particles with the rounded edges having less active sites tend to limit the reaction on its surfaces and thus improve its cycling performance and safety. 

In this case a potassium-graphite (KCg) electrode has been used as the carbonaceous anode material. Upon anodic polarisation this electrode irreversibly deintercalates potassimn resulting in a graphite-like compound, which on subsequent cycles performs with fast kinetics of its lithium intercalation-deintercalation process [89, 90]. Accordingly, the first charging process of the battery may be written as shown in Equation 7.7 at the anode. 

Fig. 2.10 Cycling performance of lithium-ion battery composed of oxygen stoichiometric Lij q AIq j Mn and graphite (MCMB6-28) at RT(open circle) and 60°C (filled circle). Electrolyte contains vinylene carbonate. EC MEC(3 7), 1-M LiPF6, 4.2-S.3 V...

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