Graphite combustion

MATERIAL GRAPHITE COMBUSTION WEIGHT LOSS COMBUSTION, 1 IN GRAPHITE % WEIGHT LOSS AT HIGH TRMP % ... 

TABLE II. Influence of Metals on the Rate of Graphite Combustion... 

Figure 4. Catalysis of graphite combustion by sodium. Reproduced with permission from reference 9. Copyright 1966 Pergamon Press.

Fuel cycle options, alternative Closed fuel cycle (U, MOX) graphite combustion or mechanical destraction before applying an aqueous reprocessing method... 

Hot combustion gases are quenched and saturated with water in a spray chamber called a hydrator. An absorber bed of carbon or graphite rings may be mounted above the hydrator in the same stmcture to obtain more complete absorption of P40 q and to assure that the gas stream is cooled to about 100°C. Weak acid from mist collection is sprayed on the absorber bed, and product acid at 75—85% H PO leaves the hydrator through a heat exchanger. 

Total carbon in beryUium is determined by combustion of the sample, along with an accelerator mixture of tin, iron, and copper, in a stream of oxygen (15,16). The evolved carbon dioxide is usuaUy measured by infrared absorption spectrometry. BeryUium carbide can be determined without interference from graphitic carbon by dissolution of the sample in a strong base. BeryUium carbide is converted to methane, which can be determined directly by gas chromatography. Alternatively, the evolved methane can be oxidized to carbon dioxide, which is determined gravimetricaUy (16). 

Test Method for Sulfur in Graphite by Combustion—lodometric Titration Method... 

Compiled from Daubert, T. E., R. R Danner, H. M. Sibiil, and C. C. Stebbins, DIPPR Data Compilation of Pure Compound Properties, Project 801 Sponsor Release, July, 1993, Design Institute for Physical Property Data, AlChE, New York, NY and from Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds, Thermodynamics Research Center Hydrocarbon Project, Texas A M University, College Station, Texas (extant 1994). The compounds are considered to be formed from the elements in their standard states at 298.15 K and 101,325 P. These include C (graphite) and S (rhombic). Enthalpy of combustion is the net value for the compound in its standard state at 298.15K and 101,325 Pa. 

Fire Hazards - Flash Point Not flammable but may cause fires upon contact with combustible materials Flammable Limits in Air (%) Not pertinent Fire Extinguishing Agents Flood with water, dry powder (e.g., graphite or powdered limestone) Fire Extinguishing Agents Not To Be Used Not pertinent Special Hazards of Combustion Products Not pertinent Behavior in Fire Can increase the intensity of fires Ignition Temperature Not pertinent Electrical Hazard Not pertinent Burning Rate Not pertinent. 

Fire Hazards - Flash Point Not pertinent. This is a combustible solid Flammable Linuts in Air (%) Not pertinent Fire Extinguishing Agents Graphite, sand, sodium chloride Fire Extinguishing Agents... 

Heal content, 110. 116 change (luring a reaction, 110 of a substance, 109 Heat of combustion of diamond, 122 graphite, 122 hydrazine, 47 hydrogen, 40 methane, 123 Heat of formation, 113 Heat of reaction, 135 between elements, table, 112 oxidation of HC1, 160 oxidation of sulfur dioxide, 161 predicting, 112 Heat of reaction to form ammonia, 112 Br atoms, 290 carbon dioxide, 112 carbon monoxide, 112 Cl atoms, 290 CO + Hi, 110 ethane, 112 F atoms, 290 H atoms, 274 hydrogen chloride, 160 hydrogen iodide, 112 iron(Ill) oxide, 162 Li atoms, 290 Li + Br, 290 Li + F, 290 Na + Cl, 290 NHs products, 114 Na atoms, 290 NO, 112 NOj, 112... 

The substance indicated by the same symbol in two or more equations is in exactly the same state in the reactions represented by those equations. In particular, the different allotropic modifications of a solid element (e.g., charcoal, graphite, diamond or yellow and red phosphorus) have different heats of combustion, and the particular form used must be specified in every case. 

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