Graphite and Related Materials

Brazil, Korea, and Canada are the main suppliers, besides further sources of high-quality graphite like Sri Lanka or Madagascar. The overall production was about 742.000t of natural graphite in 2003 (Table 1.1). It has also been 

Carbon Fibers Pyrolysis of organic fibers under tension yields the aforementioned carbon fibers (Section 1.2.3), the hexagonal planes of which are oriented in parallel to the initial strain. The most common starting material is polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The covalent connection of atoms along the fiber s axis provides the material with high strain resistance and a large modulus of elasticity. 

Activated Carbon With a surface of 300-2000 m g and a pore diameter of 1-5 nm, activated carbon is an outstanding adsorbent for a multitude of substances. It is produced by gentle heating of organic precursors like wood, turf or coconut peel, but also of pit-coal etc. The activation (to obtain the required porous structure) results either from hydrothermal surface reaction with water vapor or from impregnating the starting material with agents that cause oxidation and 

Natural deposits were the sole source of diamond until the mid-1950s as there was no synthesis of artificial material available-despite a variety of approaches. 

In some mines also underground working takes place. The crushed and not-too-finely ground rock is washed out and the fraction holding diamond is led over 

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Dresselhaus, M. S. and Kalish, R., Ion Implantation in Diamond, Graphite and Related Materials, Springer Series in Materials Science, Vol. 22, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992. 

Chapter 6 Electronic Structures of Graphite and Related Materials.221... 

The most particular among the optical properties of graphite and related materials is the approximation to an ideal black body microcrystalline forms of carbon have the highest absorptivity. Soot, for example, absorbs up to 99.5% of the incoming radiation. This value is much lower for other, better crystallized carbons, and very thin crystals of graphite are even transparent. The big absorptive capacity and black color of polycrystaUine carbons is caused by their low particle size. Within... 

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