Graphene substrates

N-doped graphene was also studied as the ORR electrode material. Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) PDDA, as nitrogen source, was introduced into a graphene material. It was observed that PDDA as a p-type dopant could cause the partial electron transfer from the electron-rich graphene substrate to the positively charged N+ centers of PDDA. Thus, carbon atoms in the graphene sheets with the adsorbed PDDA could create somewhat delocalized positive charges on the... 

Another closer view of an HR-TEM (see Fig. 4.17) indicates the multiple attachments of the nc-Li4Ti50i2 particles on the inside wall of the CNF graphene substrate as well as outside wall of the CNF matrices. This may indicate that the crystallization would be such efficient on CNF and more importantly one can enhance both the energy density and the specific gravity of the nc-Li4Ti50i2. 

Delocalization Effects in Pristine and Oxidized Graphene Substrates... 

The present review summarizes some of the recent results obtained in theoretical studies of pristine and oxidized graphene substrates. It shows that global and local delocalization effects can be seen as a common grounds for explanation of certain peculiar properties of these systems. In the former case it leads to a rationale for the origin of stabilization of diradical singlet states and in the latter case it provides a very simple and intuitive perspective on relative stability of oxyradicals formed. Before discussing these findings in details, it is useful to overview pertinent approaches to the assessment of aromaticity. 

Figure 11.8 The position of C atoms around the adsorbed Fe,j particle (a) and the potential energy of Fe atoms placed around the Fe j particle (b). The dashed line in (a) shows the position of the basal plane of the graphene substrate, and the dashed line in (b) indicates the total energy of the...

---