Graphene in Energy

Recently, the unique properties of graphene and its derivatives have been exploited for efficient energy conversion (e.g., solar cell and fuel cell) and their storage (e.g., rechargeable battery and supercapacitor) in pursuance of its widespread application [218]. 

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Brownson DAC, Kampouris DK, Banks CE (2011) An overview of graphene in energy production and storage applications. J Power Sources 196 4873 885... 

Liu Z, He D, Wang Y et al (2010) Solution-processable functionalized graphene in donor/ acceptor-type organic photovoltaic cells. Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 94 1196-1200... 

Graphene-based ECP nanocomposites have found application in energy harvesting systems such as thermoelectric generators. For example, PEDOT PSS/graphene nanocomposite films have shown a power factor of 45.7 pWm K when used in an organic thermoelectric device [80]. 

We now consider the EET from fluorophores to doped graphene. We imagine that the Fermi level is shifted into the conduction band to a level with magnitude of wave vector kp. Thus, the rate of energy transfer has contributions from two different sets of transitions in graphene. In the first set, k lies in the valence band, with 0 < k, < o , and lies in the conduction band, with < k < oo. in the second set, both k, and ky lie in the conduction band, with 0 < k and < k < < (see Figure 10.6). The total rate can thus be written as the sum total of both contributions, i.e., k = k + ki-... 

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