Granule characterization

Cledat, D., Battu, S., Mokrini, R., and Cardo, P. (2004). Rice starch granule characterization by flow cytometry scattering techniques hyphenated with sedimentation field-flow fractionation. J. Chromatogr. A 1049(1-2), 131-138. 

Here we consider effective-medium equations for a composite consisting of the anisotropic granules characterized by permittivity placed into an isotropic matrix with permittivity EbI, where I is the unit tensor. 

F. J. S. Nieuwmeyer, M. Damen, A. Geiich, F. Rusmini, K. van der Voort Maarschalk, and H. Vromans, Granule Characterization during Fluid Bed Drying by Development of a Near Infrared Method to Determine Water Content and Median Granule Size, Pharm. Res., 24(10), 1854 (2007). 

Kawaguchi, Y. and Doi, Y. (1990). Structure of native poly(3- hydroxybutyiate) granules characterized by X-iay dififiaction. FEMS Mircobiol-ogy Letter 70, 151-156. 

Kansiz M, Billman-Jacobe H, McNaughton D (2000) Quantitative determination of the biodegradable polymer poly(P-hydroxybutyrate) in a recombinant Escherichia coli strain by use of mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariative statistics. Appl Environ Microbiol 66 3415-3420 Kawaguchi Y, Doi Y (1990) Structure of native poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granules characterized by X-ray diffraction. FEMS Microbiol Lett 70 151-156 Kawaguchi Y, Doi Y (1992) Kinetics and mechanism of synthesis and degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Alcaligenes eutrophus. Macromolecules 25 2324-2329... 

Table 11.2 Macroscopic and microscopic parameters for granule characterization [14]...

All the driers discussed above are unsuitable for mixtures with a high liquid proportion (slurries). For such mixtures spray driers (see Fig. 7.2-11) or cyclone driers (see Fig. 7.2-12) are effective. In the former the sluri-y is injected into the drier by a nozzle that atomizes the suspension. Small droplets fall down countercurrently to the hot gas that rises in the conical drier zone. In cyclone driers the sluriy and the hot gas flow cocurrently. Driers of both kinds are characterized by short residence times. Therefore, they are particularly suitable for temperature sensitive products. A significant proportion of driers of all kinds, appropriately modified, can also be operated as solids mixers and/or granulators. 

Sarcoidosis An inflammatory disease characterized by granulomas (masses of chronically inflamed tissues with granulations) that can produce many different symptoms. 

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