Gram-positive microorganisms bacilli

Bacitracin is a mixture of similar peptides produced by fermentation of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The A-type component predominates. Its mode of action is to inhibit both peptidoglycan biosynthesis at a late stage (probably at the dephosphorylation of the phospholipid carrier step) and disruptions of plasma membrane function. It is predominantly active against Gram-positive microorganisms, and parenteral use is limited to IM injection for infants with pneumonia and empyema caused by staphylococci resistant to other agents. It is rather neuro- and nephrotoxic and, therefore, is used in this manner with caution. Bacitracin also is widely employed topically to prevent infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. 

Bacillus Bacilli are characterized as Gram-positive aerobic microorganisms which produce endospores. This genus is heterotrophic and diverse, comprising 10% of the bacterial population. 

Antibacterial activity of macrolides depends on the acidity of the medium. High activity is observed in neutral and basic media in comparison with acid. In particular, erythromycin is inactivated in the acidic medium of the stomach. Macrolides have a relatively broad spectrum of use, and they are active with respect to Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, achiomycetes, mycoplasma, spirochaeta, chlamydia. Bacteria Rickettsia, certain mycobacteria. Colon bacillus, blue-pus bacillus, shigella, salmonella, and so on. 

Kanamycin A is similar to streptomycin and neomycines and has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action. It is active with respect to most Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative microorganisms (staphylococci, gastric bacilli, rabbit fever, Fridlender s bacillus, proteus, shigella, salmonella). 

Isoboldine was evaluated for its in vitro antimicrobial activity against a variety of microorganisms. The alkaloid was found to be inactive against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as an acid-fast bacillus and a yeast. The oxoderivatives of aporphines were more... 

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