Grafting using condensation reactions

In addition, the clear distinction between the grafting approach on one hand and co-condensation on the other hand becomes more and more blurred, because the products of co-condensation reactions are used frequently as the basis for subsequent grafting reactions or the integrated bridged organic components of PMOs are chemically modified afterwards. 

When specific functionalities are desired, copolymerization or grafting reactions are common ways to add functionalities to polystyrenes. Other techniques used to chemically modify polystyrenes are grafting reactions, ionic polymerization, alkylation, amination, condensation reactions and ctosdinking reactions. Copolymerization sometimes involves the laborious synthesis of functionalized styrene molecules through conventional oiganic synthetic methods. In future years it will be difficult and expensive for companies to introduce new monomers due to tougher n ulations. 

Nearly all of the materials described in this monograph were prepared by some combination of free-radical and/or condensation reactions. Most recently, however, Lipatova et obtained grafted sequential IPNs on the basis of matrices from living network polymers, using anionic polymerizations for both networks I and II. 

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