Gracilaria species

E. Marinho-Soriano, Agar polysaccharides from Gracilaria species (Rhodophyta, Gracilariaceae), J. Biotechnol., 89 (2001) 81-84. 

R. Meena, K. Prasad, M. Ganesan, and A. K. Siddhanta, Superior quality agar from Gracilaria species (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) collected from the Gulf of Mannar, India, J. Appl. Phycol., 20 (2008) 397 02. 

Lee CE (2002) Evolutionary genetics of invasive species. Trends Ecol Evol 17 386-391 Leonardi PI, Miravalles AB, Faugeron S, Flores V, Beltran J, Correa JA (2006) Diversity, phenomenology and epidemiology of epiphytism in farmed Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta) in northern Chile. Eur J Phycol 41 247-257... 

Agar. This gum is extracted from certain marine algae belonging to the class Rhodophyceae, red seaweed, which abound off the coasts of Japan, Mexico, Portugal, and Denmark. Important species include Gelidium cartilagineum and Gracilaria confervoides. 

At the same time, 13C NMR spectra were used elucidating the structures of more-and more-complex galactans isolated from new species of the red seaweeds. All the papers of this kind are not mentioned, but several important early works should be cited, which gave evidence on the polysaccharide composition of numerous red seaweeds from the Sea of Japan,179 on the structural diversity of agar-like polysaccharides isolated from different species of the genus Gracilaria,421,422 and on the structure of carrageenans isolated from some new sources 423,424... 

Different species of macroalgae would be expected to have different N release rates. For example, some macroalgae are known to have large intracellular inorganic N storage pools (e.g., McGlathery et ah, 1996). Release of NH4", as measured with isotope dilution, was observed in Ulva fenestrata (0.08-11.27 pmol N g h ) and Gracilaria pacifica (0.12-0.77 pmol N g h ) when NH4+ was added to the medium. However, no net NH4+ release, over uptake, was observed. Small pulses of free amino acids were released and then rapidly reincorporated (Naldi and Wheeler, 2002), but no protein release was detectable. 

As already discussed for the phytoplankton, the distribution of the phytobenthos is also determined by the sahnity gradient. Therefore, its development is considered separately in the individual Baltic districts. Baltic species of marine origin are ecophy-siologically adapted to the lower salinity. The occurrence of endemic macrophytes is doubted. As data exist already from before 1880, the preindustrial reference conditions can be defined in some areas. In total, 48 out of the 422 listed species have not been found after 1970. This does not necessarily mean that species have disappeared as many of them are small ones which can be easily overlooked. Ten nonindigenous macro-phytobenthic species (e.g., Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Fucus evanescens) invaded the Baltic recently (Chapter 16). 

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