GPCRs Exist and Function as Dimers

GPCRs have always been considered to exist and function as monomeric units that consecutively interact with G proteins or (3-arrestins in an 1 1 stoichiometry upon 

Atomic force microscopy studies have shown that rhodopsin in native mouse rod outer segment disk membranes is arranged as dimers in paracrystalline arrays and raft-like membrane patches [32]. The distance and orientation of rhodopsin molecules were used to model the oligomeric assembly of rhodopsin dimers. 

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