Gossypol Analyses

Methods for the quantitative determination of gossypol in cottonseed, oil, press-cake, and meal have been reviewed by Markman (1968). These methods include gravimetric, volumetric, colorimetric, spectrophotometric, polarographic, and luminescent means. 

HPLC in tandem of mass spectrometer (LC-MS), determination of gossypol has become more sensitive, accurate, and efficient. For example, Orth et al. 

---

Stipanovic, R. D., Donovan, J. C., Bell, A. A., and Martin, F. W. (1984). Factors interfering in gossypol analysis of okra and glandless cottonseed using direct aniline extraction. J. Agric. Food Chem. 32, 809-810. 

Wang, X., Chen, F., Wan, P. J., and Huang, G. H. (2004). Development of monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for gossypol analysis in cottonseed meals. /. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 7793-7797. 

Gossypol analysis is available at a limited number of laboratories. 

Solutions obtained for the analysis of other food ingredients had the greatest color development, i.e., false gossypol values, at pH 5 to 6. False gossypol reactions could not be eliminated by altering the pH of the reacting solutions in the AOCS (19) procedure. It is essential to be able to accurately determine the amount of an... 

A typical analysis of refined cottonseed oil indicates the composition of the acids present as glycerides to be as follows linoleic acid 39.3% oleic acid 33.1% palmitic acid 19.1% stearic acid 1.9% arachidic acid 0.6%, andmyristic acid 0.3%. Also present are small quantities of phospholipid, phytosterols, and pigments. The toxic polyphenolic pigment gossypol is present in raw cottonseed and in the oil cake remaining after expression of oil it is not found in the refined oil. 

Birth, G. S. and Ramey, H. H., Jr. (1982). Near-infrared reflectance for analysis of cottonseed for gossypol. Cereal Chem. 59, 516-519. 

Nomeir, A. A. and Abou-Donia, M. B. (1982). Gossypol High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis and stability in various solvents. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 59, 546-549. 

Phillip, V. A. and Hedin, P. A. (1990). Spectral techniques for the structural analysis of the cotton terpenoid aldehydes gossypol and gossypolone. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38, 525-528. 

Wang, M.Z. 1987. Analysis of gossypol by high performance liquid chromatography. J. Ethnopharmacol. 20(1) 1-11. 

---