Gold standard history

Sting provocation tests are often considered to be the gold standard, although they are less reliable in vespids than in honey bees [35-37, 41, 43]. They are commonly used to assure the efficacy of venom immunotherapy, but are generally considered as unethical in untreated patients with a history of venom anaphylaxis. 

Clozapine is considered to be the gold standard of treatment of schizophrenia with patients usually moving onto it after treatment failure with two other antipsychotics. Yet the history of it is quite chequered. When it was first introduced onto the European market in 1975 it was used freely with no restrictions on use. Following the death of eight patients in Finland from agranulocytosis, a very rare (< 1 %) but often fatal condition occur-ing normally within the first few months of use, it was voluntarily taken off the market. 

The liver is the most frequent site of metastases as a result of the portal circulation and up to 60%-80% of patients with a history of colorectal carcinoma, pancreas carcinoma, breast cancer or other tumor types will develop metastases within the liver during the follow-up period [1]. There is no doubt that surgical resection of these metastases is the only potential curative option for these patients and is therefore considered as gold standard. However, due to anatomic or technical reasons or simple inoperability. 

Trichloroacetic add has been considered the gold standard of chemical peeling agents due to its long history of usage, chanical stability, and versatility as a peeling agent. 

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