Gold clusters, formation growth

In this account, the new oxidation states are introduced in the format of a short, but it is hoped complete, summary covering the literature until late 1980. Some of the topics were reviewed previously, but the articles soon became out-dated because of the rapid growth of the fields. Best known are the discussion of gold(II) compounds (23) and the early presentation of gold(V) complexes (5). Gold clusters have been included in the leading reference texts on gold chemistry (77, 85), and the -1 state appeared in a recent summary on liquid metals and liquid semiconductors (39). 

The formation-growth of gold clusters was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy, by looking at the very intensive surface plasmon absorption characterizing nano-sized gold. Optical spectra were recorded at different reaction... 

Controlled reduction of cadmium (or lead) ions on surfaces of nanosized silver (or gold) metallic particles results in the formation of double-layer colloids [532-534]. Depending on the coverage, the second layer can vary from being non-metallic clusters to quasi-metallic and metallic colloids. Growth of the second-layer particles can be monitored by absorption spectrophotometry. For... 

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