Goat pheromone

Birch, E. J., Knight, T. W., and Shaw, G. J. (1989). Separation of male goat pheromones responsible for stimulating ovulatory activity in ewes. New Zealand Agricultural Research 32,337-342. 

Veltman, C.J., Cook, C.J., Drake, K.A. and Devine, C.D. (2001) Potential of delta-decanolactone and (Z)-7-dedecen-l-yl acetate to attract feral goats (Capra hirsus). Wildl. Res. 28, 589-597. Wyatt, T.D. (2003) Pheromones and Animal Behaviour Communication by Smell and Taste. Cambridge University Press. 

Most goats in the northern hemisphere breed in fall and winter. Decreasing day length stimulates ovarian cycles. In addition to photoperiod, male pheromones stimulate pulse frequency of LH in the blood plasma of females (Martin etal., 1986). This not only enhances the seasonal onset of ovarian function, but also synchronizes breeding and subsequent lambing. 

Claus, R., Dehnhard, M., Gotz, U., and Lacorn, M. (2001). The pheromone of the male goat function, sources, androgen dependency and partial chemical characterization. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, vol. 9, ed. A. Marchlewska-Koj, J. J. Lepri, and D. Miiller-Schwarze, pp. 133-140. New York Kluwer Academic/Plenum. 

Over, R., Cohen-Tannoudji, J., Dehnhard, M., Claus, R., and Signoret, J. P. (1990). Effect of pheromones from male goats on LH secretion in anoestrous ewes. Physiology and Behavior48,665-668. 

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