Glyoxalic acid hydrogenation

On treatment of furan at low temperature with hydrogen peroxide the peroxide (53) is obtained which may be partially hydrogenated to malealdehyde. 2,5-DimethyIfuran with acidic hydrogen peroxide yields the hydroperoxide (54) and the cyclic peroxides (55) and (56) mechanisms have been proposed. Ozonolysis of furan at -60 °C in chloroform with reductive work up affords glyoxal and formic acid. Methylfurans behave similarly thus... 

Xylose 1-phosphate was obtained from UDP-xylose-/ by treatment w ith phosphodiesterase and was subjected to periodate oxidation, followed by bromine oxidation and acid hydrolysis to yield glyoxalic acid from carbon atoms 1 and 2 and glycolic acid from carbon-4 and 5. In these two products the nonexchangeable, carbon-bound hydrogen atoms originally present in positions 1 and 5 still remain, whereas the hydrogen in positions 2 and 4 has been removed. The products were nonradioactive, indicatir that the xylose formed from UDP-glucuronio acid-4f does not contain label at either carbon-1 or 5. 

Reaction of the spirocyclic imidazoline 316 with glyoxal and sodium hydrogen sulfite results in hydrolysis of the aminal and subsequent double condensation to give the tetrazolopyridopyrazine 317 (Equation 109) <1999JHC117>. The pyridopyridazinylhydrazine 318 can be cyclized to the fused triazole 319 by reaction with formic acid (Equation 110) <1998SC2871>. 

Sodium cyanide, Glacial acetic acid, Chlorine gas. Carbon tetrachloride Benzene, Aluminum chloride, 2-Chloroacetyl chloride. Hydrochloric acid. Sodium hydroxide. Methylene chloride. Calcium chloride. Hexanes Methanol, MalononitrUe, o-Chlorobenzaldehyde, Piperdine Tetrahydrofuran, Hydrogen chloride, Chloropicrin, Powdered tin Benzene, Arsenic trichloride. Aluminum chloride. Hexanes Acetone, Sulfuric acid. Chlorine, Calcium chloride Isopropylamine, Glyoxal, Diethyl ether Benzene, Pyridine, Diphenylamine, Arsenic trichloride Tetraethyl lead. Arsenic trichloride... 

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