Glycogen, biosynthesis hydrolysis

Other nucleoside 5 -triphosphates demonstrate a standard free energy of hydrolysis equivalent to that of ATP. Their intracellular concentrations are low which restricts their function to selected biosynthetic pathways, e.g. uridine triphosphate (UTP) in glycogen biosynthesis (Section 11.5). Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase permits the phosphorylation of (d)NDPs to (d)NTPs at the expense of ATP and vice versa. 

Molecules with a long main chain (backbone) and a few short side chains are called linearly branched p. The majority of all p. are formed by biosynthesis in green plants or in fungi and bacteria. Some important p. are synthesized by animals, such as - chitin, hyaluronic acids or glycogen. P. can be hydrolized (->hydrolysis). P. that yield only one monomer are called homopolysaccharides if there are two or more different monomers, they are heteropolysaccharides. 

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