Biosynthesis glycogen

The Pathway of Glycogen Biosynthesis Involves a Special Nucleotide of Glucose (Figure 18-1)... 

Figure 18.11 Glycogen biosynthesis open circles, glucose residues filled circles, glucose residues at branch points.

Figure 18.14 Glycogen biosynthesis and degradation regulation. cAMP activates cAMP-dependent protein kinases. They cause the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase (inactivation), phosphorylase kinase (activation), and the inhibitory protein. The last inhibits phosphoprotein phosphatase. Activated phosphorylase kinase causes the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b, thus activating it to phosphorylase a. Phosphoprotein phosphatase is inhibited by the phosphorylated inhibitor protein. Such inhibition is released when the inhibitor protein is dephosphorylated. The phosphatase then reactivates glycogen synthase and inactivates phosphorylase kinase and phosphorylase a.

Krisman, C. R. 1972. A possible intermediate in the initiation of glycogen biosynthesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Common. 46,1206-1216. 

Lomako, J., Lomako, W. M., and Whelan, W. J. 1988. A self-glucosylating protein is the primer for rabbit muscle glycogen biosynthesis. FASEB. J. 2, 3097-3103. 

Preiss, J., and Romeo, T. 1994. Molecular biology and regulatory aspects of glycogen biosynthesis in bacteria. In Progress nucl. acid res. molec. biology. (W. E. Cohn and K. Moldave, eds.), Vol. 47, pp. 299-329. Academic Press, New York. 

A. Lin, J. Mu, J. Yang, and P.J. Roach. 1999. Self-glucosylation of glycogenin, the initiator of glycogen biosynthesis, involves an inter-subunit reaction Arc/z. Biochem. Biophys. 363 163-170. (PubMed)... 

P.J. Roach and A.V. Skurat. 1997. Self-glucosylating initiator proteins and their role in glycogen biosynthesis Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 57 289-316. (PubMed)... 

Schematic representation of glycogen biosynthesis. J, Glucosyl units, (1 —> 6) linkage.

The de novo pathways for phospholipid synthesis use cytidine triphosphate (CTP) for activation of intermediate species (analogous to the role of UTP in glycogen biosynthesis Chapter 15). The principal pathway of... 

Gibbons. B. J., Roach. P, f., and Hurley, T. D.. 2002. Cyrstal structure ol the autocatalytic initiator of glycogen biosynthesis, glvcogenin. /. 

Lin, A., Mu, J., Yang, J.. and Roach, P. J. 1999. Self-glucosylarionnf glycogenin, the initiator ot glycogen biosynthesis, involves an imer-subunit reaction. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 363 103=170. 

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