Glycerophosphates plasma

CS causes alkylation of sulfhydryl-containing enzymes and inhibits lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, pyruvic decarboxy-. lase, and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.24,40 it reacts with a number of nucleophilic compounds, such as glutathione, plasma protein, and lipoic acid.24... 

In 1924, Martland et al. (1) reported on phosphatase activity in red blood cells. Roche later differentiated between the phosphatase of the red cells with pH optimum 6.0-6.2 and the phosphatase from white cells with optimum 8.8-9.0. Roche also showed that a-glycerophosphate was split more rapidly than -glycerophosphate by red cell extracts while the reverse was true of acid phosphatase activity in plasma (2). While studying the source of acid phosphatase activity in male urine, Kutscher and Wolberg discovered the very high activity of acid phosphatase in human prostate (3). This tissue was shown by Woodard to have one-thousand times the activity of extracts from bone, liver, and kidney (3a). Igarashi and Hollander crystallized the acid phosphatase of rat liver and showed that under certain conditions allosteric control of the activity could be demonstrated (4). 

Increases in plasma non-esterilled fatty acids are encountered in diabetic ketoacidosis. In this condition there is insufficient a-glycerophosphate (derived from glycolysis) for the free fatty acids (released from adipose tissue) to combine with to re-form triglycerides. As a result of this, the free fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies. 

The above considerations lead to the conclusion that the liver should be capable of synthesizing plasma phospholipides in toto from its various components. This appears to be the case, for a purified enzyme preparar-tion of rat liver has been shown to form diacylphosphatidic acids from fatty acids and L-a-glycerophosphate. i The diacylphosphatidic acids need only a nitrogenous base in ester linkage with the phosphate to form lecithin (or a cephalin). The following mechanism was postulated for the synthesis of distearylphosphatidic acid from stearic acid-l-C and L-o-glycerophosphate-P (a-G-P) by the rat liver preparation ... 

Insect muscle utilizes the Meyerhof sequence only as far as pyruvate, and the NADH produced during triosephosphate oxidation seems to be reoxidized by the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerophosphate (Chance and Sacktor, 1958). The major sugar in the plasma is a,a-trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, and it plays a major part in the glucose transport system of insects (Wyatt and Kalf, 1957). For a review of insect biochemistry, see Goodwin (1965). 

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