Glycerol triglyceride synthesis

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) forms glycerol 3-P for triglyceride synthesis. 

Figure 1-15-2. Glycerol 3-P Dehydrogenase and Glycerol Kinase in Triglyceride Synthesis and Storage...

Triglyceride Synthesis The synthetic procedure was a modification of that discussed previously (18) Triglycerides were synthesized from glycerine and ethyl esters via the glyceroxide formed Jji situ from catalytic amounts (<5%) of sodium dispersion. Mole ratios up to 14 moles of ester per mole of glycerol were used to drive the reac- tion equilibrium toward the desired triglyceride. Reduced pressure also served to drive the reversible reaction by removal of ethanol as it was formed. For trieicosapentaenoylglycerol (tri-EPA), the reaction is written as ... 

Human milk fat is very well absorbed by infants despite its high saturated fatty acid content (45% of fatty acids with a melting point above body temperature). This good absorption is attributed at least in part to the presence of the bile salt lipase in hmnan milk and to the unique triglyceride synthesis and the highly specific positional distribution on the glycerol backbone (Breckenridge et al. 1969). 

Alkyd resin synthesis. This synthesis consists of two steps. In the first step, a triglyceride oil is reacted at ca. 250°C with polyols, such as glycerol or pentaery-thritol, in tire presence of a basic catalyst to form a monoglyceride. In the second step, phthalic anhydride, with or without another dibasic acid such as maleic anhydride, is added to the reaction medium and reacted at high temperature. The resulting product is a branched polyester (Scheme 2.56). 

Monoglyceride (MG) is one of the most important emulsifiers in food and pharmaceutical industries [280], MG is industrially produced by trans-esterification of fats and oils at high temperature with alkaline catalyst. The synthesis of MG by hydrolysis or glycerolysis of triglyceride (TG) with immobilized lipase attracted attention recently, because it has mild reaction conditions and avoids formation of side products. Silica and celite are often used as immobilization carriers [281], But the immobilized lipase particles are difficult to reuse due to adsorption of glycerol on this carriers [282], PVA/chitosan composite membrane reactor can be used for enzymatic processing of fats and oils. The immobilized activity of lipase was 2.64 IU/cm2 with a recovery of 24%. The membrane reactor was used in a two-phase system reaction to synthesize monoglyceride (MG) by hydrolysis of palm oil, which was reused for at least nine batches with yield of 32-50%. 

Triglycerides are nontoxic, biodegradable and renewable molecules which are being used as substrate for the synthesis of a variety of useful molecules such as glycerol esters, fatty acid alkyl esters, triacetin, ketals, acetals, glycerol carbonates, etc (Scheme 1). 

Scheme 1 Synthesis of value added products from triglycerides and glycerol...

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