Glycerol a-dichlorohydrin

Fig. 2), are placed 3 1. of anhydrous ether and 1290 g. of glycerol a,7-dichlorohydrin (Vol. II, p. 29). The flask is surrounded by a cold water bath, and 440 g. of finely powdered sodium hydroxide (Note 2), which has been passed through a 20-mesh sieve, is added in small portions, with continual stirring, while the temperature is kept at 25-30°. The addition requires about... 

Glycerol-a,7-dichlorohydrin, 31, 2 Glycidic ester condensation, 34, 54 Glycine, 33, 1... 

From Allyl Alcohol. The reaction of allyl alcohol [107-18-6] with chlorine and water gives a mixture of glycerol m on ochl orohydrin s consisting of 73% 3-chloropropane-l,2-diol and 27% of 2-chloropropane-l,3-diol (57). In a recycle reaction system in which allyl alcohol is fed as a 4.5—5.5 wt % solution, chlorine is added at a rate of 7—9 moles per hour. The reaction time is about five seconds, the reaction temperature 50—60°C and the recycle ratio is 10—20 1. Under these conditions m on ochl orohydrin s have been obtained in 88% yield with 9% dichlorohydrins (58) (see Allyl ALCOHOL AND DERIVATIVES). 

From Allyl Ghloride. The hypochlorination of allyl chloride [107-05-1] gives a mixture of the glycerol dichlorohydrins, 2,3-dichloropropanol and 1,3-dichloropropanol about 7 3 ratio. Because of the poor solubiHty of allyl chloride in water, it is essential to minimize the formation of an organic phase in which direct chlorination of the allyl chloride results in the unwanted by-product 1,2,3-trichloropropane. 

The methods for making allyl alcohol are many. It may be prepared by (a) the action of metals upon dichlorohydrin 1 (b) the reduction of acrolein 2 (c) the action of potassium hydroxide on trimethylene bromide 3 (d) the catalytic decomposition of glycerol with aluminum oxide 4 (e) the hydrolysis of allyl iodide 5 (/) the decomposition of glycerol triformate 6 (g) the action of formic acid upon glycerin 7 and (h) the action of... 

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