Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate oxidoreductase

Figure 5.35 Cyclic voltammograms of P. furiosus ferredoxin (A) without and (B) with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate oxidoreductase plus glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (8 mM) at pH 7.2 with 6.7 mM neomycin, scan rate 10 mV s. Reproduced from ref. 159 with permission from John Wiley and Sons. 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

Mukund S, MWW Adams (1995) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a novel tungsten-containing enzyme with a potential glycolytic role in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. J Biol Chem 270 8389-8392. 

The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) developed a system of nomenclature in which enzymes are divided into six major classes (Figure 5.1), each with numerous subgroups. The suffix -ase is attached to a fairly complete description of the chemical reaction catalyzed, for example D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate NAD oxidoreductase. The IUBMB names are unambiguous and informative, but are sometimes too cumbersome to be of general use. 

The aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus was the first molybdopterin-dependent enzyme for which a three-dimensional structure became available.683,684 The tungstoenzyme resembles that of the related molybdo-enzyme (Fig. 16-31). A similar ferredoxin-dependent enzyme reduces glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.685 Another member of the tungstoenzyme aldehyde oxidoreductase family is carboxylic acid reductase, an enzyme found in certain acetogenic clostridia. It is able to use reduced ferredoxin to convert unactivated carboxylic acids into aldehydes, even though E° for the acetaldehyde/acetate couple is -0.58 V.686... 

Fig. 5.1. Fermentation pathways present in facultative anaerobic eukaryotes. Examples of fermentation pathways present in the cytosol and in subcellular compartments. Fermentation processes localized in hydrogenosomes (1-3) and mitochondria (4) are indicated by the shaded box. Examples of the anaerobic ATP-producing organelles shown can be found in trichomon-ads (1), chytridiomycete fungi (2), Nyctotherus ovalis (3), and parasitic helminths, bivalves and Euglena gracilis (4). CoA coenzyme A, DHAP dihydroxyacetone phosphate, Fd ferredoxin, Gly-3-P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, PFO pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase...

Lecithin, transhydrogenase and, 70-71 Leucine residues disulfide oxidoreductases, 104 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 11, 12... 

The role of DIP in the thermostabilization of enzymes remains questionable. This solute was shown to have a positive effect on the stabilization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, but did not increase the stability of hydrogenase and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase of Thermotoga maritima or rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase. ... 

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