Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, biological

The availability of thiol esters of glutathione and the possibility of their participation in the activity of enzymes such as glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase led us into an inquiry into the biological activity of the... 

One of the steps in the biological pathway for carbohydrate metabolism is the conversion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Propose a mechanism for the transformation. 

Another reason for neglecting perhydroxyl radical is a big difficulty to distinguish it from the much more abundant and more reactive peroxyl radicals. Nonetheless, in several works perhydroxyl radical was considered as a possible initiator of lipid peroxidation (see Chapter 25). It should be noted that at least two biological systems were described where the participation of perhydroxyl radicals seems to be possible. Thus, it has been shown [25,26] that perhydroxyl radical is able to abstract hydrogen atom from NADH (Reaction 6) and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-NADH (GAPDH-NADH) complex (Reaction 7). 

The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) developed a system of nomenclature in which enzymes are divided into six major classes (Figure 5.1), each with numerous subgroups. The suffix -ase is attached to a fairly complete description of the chemical reaction catalyzed, for example D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate NAD oxidoreductase. The IUBMB names are unambiguous and informative, but are sometimes too cumbersome to be of general use. 

Ostrem, J.A., Vernon, D.M. Bohnert, H.J. (1990). Stress increases the expression of a gene coding for NAD-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase during the transition from C3 photosynthesis to cras-sulacean acid metabolism in M. crystallinum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, 3497-502. 

Occurrence. D-Glyceraldehyde (1) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (3) are biological products of the retro-aldol reaction of fructose and enter the glycolytic pathway as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Scheme l).11... 

For biological samples, extra procedures might be needed to separate MG from proteins. More than 90% of MG was demonstrated to be bound to proteins, and perchloric acid was needed as a deproteinization agent. Another benefit of the use of perchloric acid is to keep the samples in low pH, which can prevent degradation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to MG. 

Aronov, A.M., Suresh, S., Buckner, F.S., Van Voorhis, W.C., Verlinde, C.L.M.J., et al. (1999) Structure-based design of submicromolar, biologically active inhibitors of trypanosomatid glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96 4273-4278. 

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