Glutathione sulfate reduction

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) has very low oral bioavailability, but is rapidly absorbed and low nanomolar levels of the parent compound and its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates can be detected in human plasma and portal circulation after very high (nondietary) intakes (3.6g/day for 1 week). Metabolic reduction occurs in the liver, and glutathione adducts have been observed in vitro ... 

The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, was originally discovered as the hydrogen carrier system, which provides, with NADPH, the reducing potential for the reduction of ribonucleotides (5, 35). Since then considerable evidence has been accumulated to indicate that this or a closely related system also participates in a variety of other enzymatic reductions. For instance thioredoxin can function as an electron carrier between NADPH and several disulfides, such as insulin, lipoate and oxidized glutathione. Furthermore Porque et al. (114) have shown that thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase from yeast can function as hydrogen carriers in the reduction of methionine sulfoxide and sulfate. 

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